Digestive, Excretory, and Reproductive Systems

The second part of our dissection by opening the entire abdomen cavity slicing the parietal peritoneum. We located the umbilical vein, cut it, and tied it with a string. We made are way one by one towards each organ and removed the coelomic epithelium tissue covering it in this cavity known as visceral peritoneum.

The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine, the jejunum is the middle section and the ileum is the final section. The caecum is the first part of the large intestine which forms a pouch to the ileum and colon. Small intestine absorbs food nutrients through finger like villa(picture of villa at end of post) and large intestine stores waste products for elimination. The large intestine includes the colon (transverse,descending and ascending) and the rectum. 

If you follow the umbilical vein you can find the urinary bladder. It is located between the two umbilical arteries. If you pull on the umbilical cord you can locate the urethra, a single tube exiting the urinary bladder. The urethra leads to the penis, it is a tube in the penis. When we pulled again on the umbilical cord after we discovered the urethra and on the dorsal side of it we spotted the seminal vesicles. 

Sperm travel : Testes => Epididymis => (mature and stored) => (ejaculation) => Ductus Deferens => Urethra => Penis

Kidney- functions in removing waste products and regulating the water fluid levels. Contains three major regions: the cortex, the medulla, and the pelvis. 

Pancreas-breaks down proteins, carbohydrates, and fats using digestive juices, secretes hormones that affect the level of sugar in the blood, and produce chemicals that neutralize stomach acids that pass from the stomach into the small intestine. 

The liver contains the left and right median lobe of liver. It's the largest gland producing bile which facilitates the process of digestion and the emulsification of lipids. Located in the pelvic region of the abdomen below the diaphragm and the ribs. The gallbladder is a storage tank for bile produced by the liver. It is located behind the liver to the right side of the rib cage. 

Stomach-breaks down food, stomach acid and enzymes help kill bacteria and infectious organisms. By opening the stomach you can see the longtiudinal ridges lining the wall called gastric rugae by cutting along the greater curvature and releasing all of the fluids in it.  We opened up the stomach Cardiac sphincter is located at the top of the stomach stopping food from going back up into the esophagus. Pyloric sphincter is at bottom of the stomach, it stops bile and digested food from entering the stomach.

• 
  

Spleen-removes erythrocytes from blood supply and removes, stores, and produces lymphocytes. Its found in the upper left portion of the abdomen between the stomach and diaphragm underneath the rib cage. Composed of two tissues, white and red pulp. Mammals are the only species with diaphragms.

Villi and microvilli in the small intestine-increase surface area for a faster absorption rate of nutrients.